Tutorial

Selanjutnya kamu akan melihat instruksi untuk beberapa penggunaan umum.

Membuat Ortofoto Kualitas Tinggi

image of OpenDroneMap orthophoto

Tanpa penyesuaian parameter apa pun, ODM memilih kompromi yang baik antara kualitas, kecepatan, dan penggunaan memori. Jika Anda ingin mendapatkan hasil berkualitas lebih tinggi, Anda perlu menyesuaikan beberapa parameter:

  • --orthophoto-resolution adalah resolusi orthophoto dalam cm/pixel. Turunkan nilai ini untuk mendapatkan hasil resolusi yang lebih tinggi.

  • --ignore-gsd is a flag that instructs ODM to skip certain memory and speed optimizations that directly affect the orthophoto. Using this flag will increase runtime and memory usage, but may produce sharper results.

  • --texturing-data-term harus di atur pada area dalam area hutan.

  • --mesh-size should be increased to 300000-600000 and --mesh-octree-depth should be increased to 10-11 in urban areas to recreate better buildings / roofs.

Mengkalibrasi kamera

Camera calibration is a special challenge with commodity cameras. Temperature changes, vibrations, focus, and other factors can affect the derived parameters with substantial effects on resulting data. Automatic or self calibration is possible and desirable with drone flights, but depending on the flight pattern, automatic calibration may not remove all distortion from the resulting products. James and Robson (2014) in their paper Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground‐based image networks address how to minimize the distortion from self-calibration.

image of lens distortion effect on bowling of data

Bowling effect on point cloud over 13,000+ image dataset collected by World Bank Tanzania over the flood prone Msimbasi Basin, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

To mitigate this effect, there are a few options but the simplest are as follows: fly two patterns separated by 20°, and rather than having a nadir (straight down pointing) camera, use one that tilts forward by 5°.

animation showing optimum

As this approach takes longer than traditional imaging, pilots and teams may apply this technique to a smaller area and use the collected data to optimize future flights. OpenDroneMap can generate a calibration file called cameras.json from a small sample flight. The calibration file can be used for future flights, mitigating the bowling effect without sacrificing efficiency.

Alternatively, the following experimental method can be applied: fly with much lower overlap, but two crossgrid flights (sometimes called crosshatch) separated by 20° with a 5° forward facing camera.

  • Crossgrid overlap percentages can be lower than parallel flights. To get good 3D results, you will require 68% overlap and sidelap for an equivalent 83% overlap and sidelap.

  • To get good 2D and 2.5D (digital elevation model) results, you will require 42% overlap and sidelap for an equivalent 70% overlap and sidelap.

animation showing experimental optimum

Vertically separated flight lines also improve accuracy, but less so than a camera that is forward facing by 5°.

figure showing effect of vertically separated flight lines and forward facing cameras on improving self calibration

Dari James dan Robson (2014), CC BY 4.0

Membuat Model Elevasi Digital

By default ODM does not create DEMs. To create a digital terrain model, make sure to pass the --dtm flag. To create a digital surface model, be sure to pass the --dsm flag.

image of OpenDroneMap derived digital surface model

For DTM generation, a Simple Morphological Filter (smrf) is used to classify points in ground vs. non-ground and only the ground points are used. The smrf filter can be controlled via several parameters:

  • --smrf-scalar scaling value. Increase this parameter for terrains with lots of height variation.

  • --smrf-slope slope parameter, which is a measure of "slope tolerance". Increase this parameter for terrains with lots of height variation. Should be set to something higher than 0.1 and not higher than 1.2.

  • --smrf-threshold elevation threshold. Set this parameter to the minimum height (in meters) that you expect non-ground objects to be.

  • --smrf-window window radius parameter (in meters) that corresponds to the size of the largest feature (building, trees, etc.) to be removed. Should be set to a value higher than 10.

Changing these options can affect the result of DTMs significantly. The best source to read to understand how the parameters affect the output is to read the original paper An improved simple morphological filter for the terrain classification of airborne LIDAR data (PDF freely available).

Overall the --smrf-threshold option has the biggest impact on results.

SMRF is good at avoiding Type I errors (small number of ground points mistakenly classified as non-ground) but only "acceptable" at avoiding Type II errors (large number non-ground points mistakenly classified as ground). This needs to be taken in consideration when generating DTMs that are meant to be used visually, since objects mistaken for ground look like artifacts in the final DTM.

image of lens distortion effect on bowling of data

Dua parameter penting lainnya memengaruhi pembuatan DEM:

  • `` --dem-resolusi '' yang menetapkan resolusi keluaran raster DEM (cm / piksel)

  • --dem-gapfill-steps which determines the number of progressive DEM layers to use. For urban scenes increasing this value to 4-5 can help produce better interpolation results in the areas that are left empty by the SMRF filter.

Contoh bagaimana menghasilkan DRM:

docker run -ti --rm -v /my/project:/datasets/code <my_odm_image> --project-path /datasets --dtm --dem-resolution 2 --smrf-threshold 0.4 --smrf-window 24

Measuring stockpile volume

Fieldwork planning

Weather conditions modify illumination and thus impact the photography results. Best results are obtained with evenly overcast or clear skies. Also look for low wind speeds that allow the camera to remain stable during the data collection process. In order to avoid shadows which on one side of the stockpile can obstruct feature detection and lessen the number of resulting points, always prefer the flights during the midday, when the sun is at the nadir so everything is consistently illuminated. Also ensure that your naked eye horizontal visibility distance is congruent with the planned flight distances for the specific project, so image quality is not adversely impacted by dust, fog, smoke, volcanic ash or pollution.

Flight pattern

Most stockpile measurement jobs does not require a crosshatch pattern or angled gimbal as the resting angle of stockpile materials allows the camera to capture the entire stockpile sides. Only some special cases where erosion or machinery operations causes steep angles on the faces of the stockpile would benefit of the crosshatch flight pattern and angled camera gimbal but consider that these additional recognized features come at a cost, (in field labor and processing time) and the resulting improvements are sometimes negligible.

In most of the cases a lawn mower flight pattern is capable of producing highly accurate stockpile models.

a simple lawnmower flight pattern can produce accurate results

Recommended overlap would be between 75% and 80% with a sidelap in the order of 65% to 70%. It is also recommended to slightly increase overlap and sidelap as the flight height is increased.

Flight height

Flight height can be influenced by different camera models, but in a general way and in order to ensure a balance between image quality and flight optimization, it is recommended to be executed at heights 3 to 4 times the tallest stockpile height. So for a 10 meter stockpile, images can be captured at a height of 40 meters. As the flight height is increased, it is also recommended to increase overlap, so for a 40 meter height flight you can set a 65% sidelap and 75% overlap, but for a planned height of 80 meters a 70% sidelap and 80% overlap allowing features to be recognized and properly processed.

GCPs

To achieve accuracy levels better than 3%, the use of GCP’s is advised. Typically 5 distributed GCP are sufficient to ensure accurate results. When placing or measuring GCP, equipment accuracy should be greater than the GSD. Survey grade GNSS and total stations are intended to provide the required millimetric accuracy.

For further information on the use of GCPs, please refer to the Ground Control Points section.

Processing parameters

A highly accurate model can be achieved using WebODM high resolution predefined settings. Then you can further adjust some parameters as necessary.

If using ODM, these this reference values can help you configure the process settings.

--dsm: true

--dem-resolution 2.0

--orthophoto-resolution 1.0

--feature-quality high

--pc-quality high

Measuring

As almost 50% of the material will be found in the first 20% of the stockpile height, special care should be taken in adequately defining the base plane.

almost 50% of the material will be found in the first 20% of the stockpile height

In WebODM Dashboard, clic on "view map" to start a 2D view of your project.

Once in the 2D map view, clic on the "Measure volume, area and length" button.

clic on the "Measure volume, area and length" button

then clic on "Create a new measurement"

clic on "Create a new measurement"

Start placing the points to define the stockpile base plane

Define the stockpile base plane

Clic on "Finish measurement" to finish the process.

Clic on "Finish measurement" to finish the process

Dialog box will show the message "Computing ..." for a few seconds, and after the computing is finished the volume measurement value will be displayed.

Clic on "Finish measurement" to finish the process

If you are using the command line OpenDroneMap you can use the dsm files to measure the stockpile volumes using other programs.

Also consider that once the limits of the stockpile are set in software like QGis, you will find there are some ways to determine the base plane. So for isolated stockpiles which boundaries are mostly visible, a linear approach can be used. While for stockpiles set in slopes or in bins, the base plane is better defined by the lowest point. Creation of a triangulated 3D surface to define the base plane is advised for large stockpiles. This is also valid for stockpiles paced on irregular surfaces.

Expected accuracy

For carefully planned and executed projects, and specially when GSD is less than 1 cm, the expected accuracy should be in the range of 1% to 2%. The resulting accuracy is comparable to the commercially available photogrammetry software and the obtained using survey grade GNSS equipment.

Menggunakan Docker

Since many users employ docker to deploy OpenDroneMap, it can be useful to understand some basic commands in order to interrogate the docker instances when things go wrong, or we are curious about what is happening. Docker is a containerized environment intended, among other things, to make it easier to deploy software independent of the local environment. In this way, it is similar to virtual machines.

Beberapa perintah sederhana dapat membuat pengalaman docker kami jauh lebih baik.

Daftar Mesin Docker

Kita bisa mulai dengan membuat daftar mesin docker yang tersedia di mesin saat ini yang kita jalankan sebagai berikut:

> docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
2518817537ce        opendronemap/odm       "bash"                   36 hours ago        Up 36 hours                                  zen_wright
1cdc7fadf688        opendronemap/nodeodm   "/usr/bin/nodejs /va…"   37 hours ago        Up 37 hours         0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp   flamboyant_dhawan

Jika kita ingin melihat mesin yang mungkin tidak berjalan tetapi masih ada, kita dapat menambahkan tanda -a:

> docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                    NAMES
2518817537ce        opendronemap/odm       "bash"                   36 hours ago        Up 36 hours                                        zen_wright
1cdc7fadf688        opendronemap/nodeodm   "/usr/bin/nodejs /va…"   37 hours ago        Up 37 hours               0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp   flamboyant_dhawan
cd7b9585b8f6        opendronemap/odm       "bash"                   3 days ago          Exited (1) 37 hours ago                            nostalgic_lederberg
e31010c00b9a        opendronemap/odm       "python /code/run.py…"   3 days ago          Exited (2) 3 days ago                              suspicious_kepler
c44e0d0b8448        opendronemap/nodeodm   "/usr/bin/nodejs /va…"   3 days ago          Exited (0) 37 hours ago                            wonderful_burnell

Mengakses catatan server

Using either the CONTAINER ID or the name, we can access any logs available on the machine as follows:

> docker logs 2518817537ce

This is likely to be unwieldy large, but we can use a pipe | character and other tools to extract just what we need from the logs. For example we can move through the log slowly using the more command:

> docker logs 2518817537ce | more
[INFO]    DTM is turned on, automatically turning on point cloud classification
[INFO]    Initializing OpenDroneMap app - Mon Sep 23 01:30:33  2019
[INFO]    ==============
[INFO]    build_overviews: False
[INFO]    camera_lens: auto
[INFO]    crop: 3
[INFO]    debug: False
[INFO]    dem_decimation: 1
[INFO]    dem_euclidean_map: False
...

Pressing Enter or Space, arrow keys or Page Up or Page Down keys will now help us navigate through the logs. The lower case letter Q will let us escape back to the command line.

We can also extract just the end of the logs using the tail command as follows:

> docker logs 2518817537ce | tail -5
[INFO]    Cropping /datasets/code/odm_orthophoto/odm_orthophoto.tif
[INFO]    running gdalwarp -cutline /datasets/code/odm_georeferencing/odm_georeferenced_model.bounds.gpkg -crop_to_cutline -co NUM_THREADS=8 -co BIGTIFF=IF_SAFER -co BLOCKYSIZE=512 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co BLOCKXSIZE=512 -co TILED=YES -co PREDICTOR=2 /datasets/code/odm_orthophoto/odm_orthophoto.original.tif /datasets/code/odm_orthophoto/odm_orthophoto.tif --config GDAL_CACHEMAX 48.95%
Using band 4 of source image as alpha.
Creating output file that is 111567P x 137473L.
Processing input file /datasets/code/odm_orthophoto/odm_orthophoto.original.tif.

Nilai -5 berarti meminta perintah tail untuk hanya memberikan 5 baris log terakhir saja.

perintah konsol akses ke server

Terkadang kita perlu mengamati lebih teliti dalam mengeksplorasi proses di OpenDroneMap. Untuk itu, kita dapat memanfaatkan akses langsung konsol ke server. Kita gunakan docker exec untuk jalankan perintah bash konsol di server yang kita inginkanin sebagai berikut:

> docker exec -ti 2518817537ce bash
root@2518817537ce:/code#

Sekarang kita telah masuk ke docker dan dapat mengeksplorasi mesin.

Membersihkan setelah Docker

Docker has a lamentable use of space and by default does not clean up excess data and machines when processes are complete. This can be advantageous if we need to access a process that has since terminated, but carries the burden of using increasing amounts of storage over time. Maciej Łebkowski has an excellent overview of how to manage excess disk usage in docker.

Using Singularity

'Singularity <https://sylabs.io/>'_ is another container platform able to run Docker images. Singularity could be used from laptop to large HPC clusters, local university or company clusters, a single server, in the cloud... A container is a single file without anything else to install

Downloading image

Singularity can use ODM Docker container after their download. It creates .sif images

For latest ODM Docker image

> singularity pull --disable-cache  docker://opendronemap/odm:latest

For latest ODM GPU Docker image

> singularity pull --disable-cache  docker://opendronemap/odm:gpu

Using Singularity SIF image

As Singularity has a different way to map directories than Docker, a bash script file is a good solution to map ODM directories. Here is a linux example for ODM

images_dir=/path_to_image_dir/
name=`basename $images_dir`
output_dir=/path_to_output_directories/$name
mkdir -p $output_dir

singularity run
--bind $images_dir:/$output_dir/code/images,\
--writable-tmpfs odm_latest.sif  \
--orthophoto-png --mesh-octree-depth 12 --ignore-gsd --dtm \
--smrf-threshold 0.4 --smrf-window 24 --dsm --pc-csv --pc-las --orthophoto-kmz \
--ignore-gsd  --matcher-type flann --feature-quality ultra --max-concurrency 16 \
--use-hybrid-bundle-adjustment --build-overviews --time --min-num-features 10000 \
--project-path $output_dir

Here is a linux example for the ODM with GPU

images_dir=/path_to_image_dir/
name=`basename $images_dir`
output_dir=/path_to_output_directories/$name
mkdir -p $output_dir

singularity run
--bind $images_dir:/$output_dir/code/images,\
--writable-tmpfs odm_latest.sif  \
--orthophoto-png --mesh-octree-depth 12 --ignore-gsd --dtm \
--smrf-threshold 0.4 --smrf-window 24 --dsm --pc-csv --pc-las --orthophoto-kmz \
--ignore-gsd  --matcher-type flann --feature-quality ultra --max-concurrency 16 \
--use-hybrid-bundle-adjustment --build-overviews --time --min-num-features 10000 \
--project-path $output_dir

Menggunakan ODM dari lokasi bandwidth rendah

Untuk apa ini dan untuk siapa?

Melalui repo Ivan Gayton.

OpenDroneMap can’t always be effectively set up locally—it takes a fairly powerful machine to process large datasets—so a cloud machine can sometimes be the answer for people in the field. However, bandwidth is a problem in many low-income settings. This constraint can’t be solved completely, but the following method does a reasonable job of reducing the bandwidth needed to process drone imagery datasets on the cloud from African locations.

Here we present a tricky but workable process to create an OpenDroneMap cloud machine (not CloudODM, mind you, just a cloud-based instance of ODM that you run from the command line) and use it to remotely process large photo sets. It requires familiarity with Unix command line use, ssh, a Digital Ocean account (Amazon AWS would work as well, possibly with slight differences in the setup), and a moderate level of general computer literacy. If you aren’t fairly computer-savvy and willing to fuss with a slightly tricky setup, CloudODM is what you should be looking at.

The whole process is mostly targeted at someone flying substantial missions in an African or similar location looking to process data ASAP while still in a field setting. Therefore it emphasizes a workflow intended to reduce bandwidth/data transfer, rather than just the simplest way of running ODM.

Langkah-langkah

Instal

  • Create a Digital Ocean droplet with at least 4GB of RAM. That’ll cost about $20/month. Less than 4GB of RAM and the install will probably fail. When we actually run the ODM process we’ll resize it to a much larger—and more expensive—cloud machine, but between runs you can downsize it between runs to the second-cheapest droplet which costs only $10/month (the cheapest droplet, at $5/month, comes with such a small drive that you can’t downsize back to it).

    • Should be an Ubuntu 18.04 instance to ensure dependency compatibility

    • Create a user with sudo privileges. Digital Ocean’s insanely good documentation can help you figure this out. In our case we set up a user called odm, so connecting to it is via the command ssh odm@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (where the x’s stand for the IPv4 address of your server). If you want to follow this example closely, do use the username odm; then your install path will be /home/odm/ODM/ and will match all of the examples in this document.

    • Go ahead and execute sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade to ensure your server isn’t dangerously without updates. Make sure to stay with Ubuntu 18.04.

  • Download and install ODM on it from the ODM Github (regular, not WebODM) with the following commands:

git pull https://github.com/OpenDroneMap/ODM.git
cd ODM
bash configure.sh install

  • If you do this from the default home folder of your user (i.e. odm) the path to the install will be /home/odm/ODM (abbreviated as ~/ODM/).

  • There are some environmental variables that need to be set. Open the ~/.bashrc file on your machine and add the following 3 lines at the end (From the ODM github). The file can be opened with nano ~/.bashrc (or whatever text editor you use in lieu of nano). Be sure to replace /home/odm/ with the correct path to the location where you extracted OpenDroneMap if you didn’t do everything exactly as in our example (for example if you used a different username in your server setup):

export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/odm/ODM/SuperBuild/install/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/odm/ODM/SuperBuild/src/opensfm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/odm/ODM/SuperBuild/install/lib

  • Note that the ODM github readme contains a slight error, the install directory name will be ODM, not OpenDroneMap (you’ll see this if you compare the above instructions to the ones on the ODM GitHub).

  • In order to prevent a crash wherein the split-merge process fails to locate its own executable, we add the following lines to ~/.bashrc (adjust paths if you’ve set things up differently from our example):

export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/odm/ODM/
export PATH=$PATH:/home/odm/ODM/

  • Now you’ll need a second cloud hard drive (a “Volume” in Digital Ocean jargon) big enough to manage your project. Rule of thumb seems to be 10 times the size of your raw image set; we’ve got a 100GB image set and set up a 1000GB volume (once the run is done you should be able to get rid of most of this expensive drive capacity, but it’s needed to complete the process). Set up the volume, attach it to your droplet, and configure its mount point (in this example we’re setting it to /mnt/odmdata/).

Siapkan data dan proyek

  • Now push your images onto the server. You can use Secure Copy (scp) like so: scp -r /path/to/my/imagefolder odm@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/mnt/odmdata/.

    • This pushes the entire folder full of images (that’s what the -r option does, “recursive”) into the remote location (in our example, into the volume we attached to the cloud machine at /mnt/odmdata/.

    • This will take some bandwidth. No way around the size of the files.1, 2

Struktur direktori

ODM requires the directories on the machine to be set up just so. The critical bits are the install folder (if you installed as above, it’s /home/odm/ODM/) and the project folder (i.e. /mnt/odmdata/myproject/)

  • ODM’s settings.yaml file specifies a single parent directory containing all projects. This is what goes in the project path line of the settings.yaml file (slightly confusingly, this is actually the parent directory of the individual project directories, which are specified by the project name parameter when calling ODM). Edit settings.yaml and set the project_path parameter to (as per our example setup) /mnt/odmdata/, which in this case points to the Volume we created. Individual project directories are created within that.

  • Individual project directories, i.e. /mnt/odmdata/myproject/ contain the gcp_list.txt file, the image_groups.txt file, and the images folder for each project.

  • The images folder, i.e. /mnt/odmdata/myproject/images/ contains all of the images. If you set it up like this, the images don’t get re-copied because they’re already in the directory that ODM wants them in.

  • Modify settings.yaml to specify the parent directory of the project folder (in this case the Volume we created, /mnt/odmdata/). Make sure the images are in the correct spot, i.e. /mnt/odmdata/myproject/images and the other ancillary files (gcp_list.txt and image_groups.txt) are in the root folder /mnt/odmdata/myproject/

  • if you have the images in separate folders for individual AOI blocks or flights (which you will if your flight management was organized), you can create an image_groups.txt file with the incantations for i in *; do cd $i; for j in *; do echo "$j $i" >> ../$i.txt; done; cd ../; done; and cd ../, for i in myproject/*.txt; do cat $i >> image_groups.txt; done;. That should create a file with the correct structure: a list of all image files and a “group name” after each one (which in this case will simply be the name of the folder it came from). Then move all of the image files into a single directory called images in the project root dir (so /mnt/odmdata/myproject/images/). The image_groups.txt file will allow ODM to keep track of which images belong to the same batch, even though they’re all in a single directory.

Resize droplet, pull pin, run away

  • Shut down and resize your machine to an appropriately monstrous number of CPUs and amount of memory. I use the memory-optimized machine with 24 dedicated vCPUs and 192GB of RAM (which costs about $1.60/hr—which adds up fast, it’s over $1000/month). Restart, and get to work quickly so as not to waste expensive big-droplet time.

  • Luncurkan proses ODM melalui ssh menggunakan nohup (sehingga jika anda terputus, pemrosesan akan dilanjutkan)

    • Alternately you can use GNU screen to launch the process from a screen session which won’t stop if your connection is interrupted; launch screen, and use <ctrl> a <ctrl> d to detach, screen -r to re-attach. But using screen won’t get you a log file of all of the console output unless you do something specific to capture that, while nohup gives you a file with all of the console output, including error messages, for free.

    • Note: as of 2020-03 the normal incantation python run.py -i /path/to/image/folder project_name seems not to work; the -i or --image parameter causes a weird error. So we drop the -i parameter, and rely on the project directory line in the settings.yaml file to direct ODM to the right place. Now using (including a split-merge):

nohup python run.py myproject --split 1 --split-overlap 0 --ignore-gsd --depthmap-resolution 1000 --orthophoto-resolution 5 --dem-resolution 15 --pc-las --dsm

  • This points ODM at the folder (in this example) /mnt/odmdata/myproject/. Provided the image_groups.txt and gcp_list.txt are in this folder, the images are in /mnt/odmdata/myproject/images/, and the project path in settings.yaml is /mnt/odmdata/ it will not waste time and space copying images.

  • Note that this assumes you have an image_groups.txt file. If not, this -split-overlap 0 will probably fuck things up, and the --split 1 is literally a random number that will be ignored after the image_groups.txt file is loaded (I think it normally controls how many groups it splits a set of images into, but in our case we’re assuming the images are already grouped sensibly). If you don’t have a large dataset (>1000 images), omit the --split and --split-overlap options.

  • Ikuti progres dengan perintah tail (sehingga kamu akan tau saat selesai)

tail -f nohup.out

  • Anda mungkin ingin mengawasi htop (untuk mengetahui penggunaan sumber daya sehingga di masa mendatang anda hanya dapat menjalankan mesin sebesar yang diperlukan)

Setelah itu selesai (dengan asumsi anda bertahan selama itu)

  • As soon as processing is done, shut down the machine and resize it back down to the inexpensive minimum capacity.

  • Mulai mesin kembali, dan masuk melalui ssh.

  • If you want to save download bandwidth, you can compress the orthophoto using GDAL. Don’t add overviews, do that on your local machine to avoid making the file bigger before downloading it.

gdal_translate -co COMPRESS=JPEG -co PHOTOMETRIC=YCBCR -co TILED=YES -b 1 -b 2 -b 3 -mask 4 --config GDAL_TIFF_INTERNAL_MASK YES /path/to/original/filename.extension /path/to/output.tif

  • Unduh menggunakan scp: scp odm@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/mnt/odmdata/myproject/odm_orthophoto/odm_orthophoto.tif (atau dapatkan versi terkompresi yang telah dibuat dilangkah terakhir)

  • Setelah mendapatkan berkasnya di komputermu, kamu bisa menggunakan QGIS untuk menambahkan overview (“pyramids”) atau gunakan GDAL dengan menjalankan gdaladdo -r average /path/to/image.tif 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024.

  • Kamu bisa mengarsip folder odm_texturing, odm_georeferencing, dan odm-dem menggunaan tool tar agar lebih mudah diunduh dalam satu kesatuan (dan mungkin ukurannya lebih kecil).

tar -zcvf archivename /path/to/folder

Using Potree 3D viewer module on WebODM

Cameras

Activate this function to display camera positions.

You can also click in the camera icon to display single images in a frame on the upper right corner. A click on the image frame toggles into full screen mode.

Within the image frame there are links to download the image and the GeoJSON camera file.

Camera locations

Textured model

Activate this function to show load the textured model. Depending on the file size and connection speed, it may take several seconds to load.

Textured model

Appearance

Point budget

For both appearance and performance purposes, the point budget on the scene can be managed. Some old and less capable machines would benefit from a 500,000 point budget while most mid-range specs machine are capable of handling 1 to 2 million point budget.

A 5 to 7 million point budget produces a smooth point cloud 3d model, but may result in a high resource demanding process.

Default point budget value is set to 1,000,000.

Field of view

In order to control model elements to be included within the scene the field of view can be adjusted. Default value is set to 60 degrees.

Field of view adjustment

Eye Dome-lighting

The Potree Point Cloud 3d viewer module can implement eye dome-lighting, a lighting model that accentuates the shapes of objects.

Eye Dome-lighting group objects, shade their outlines and enhances depth perception in scientific visualization images. It is useful for recognition and measurement of structures within a model. It can be modified by adjusting Radius, Strength and Opacity.

By default, Eye Dome-Lighting is enabled on Potree 3D viewer, but it can be disabled by clicking on the enable option.

Eye dome lighting adjustment

Background

Potree 3D viewer background can be modified. Available options are Skybox / Gradient / Black / White / None

Background selection

Other

Splat Quality = Splat quality can be adjusted to standard or high quality, to improve the appearance of the model.

Min node size = Min node size option will impact the point density of the nodes represented.

Box = Display the boxes of the nodes.

Lock view = Lock the point cloud view, preventing to load or unload points to the model.

Tools

Measurement

Potree 3D viewer module provides several tools for measurement. This tool set consist of 12 elements. It also has controls for showing or hiding the resulting measurement labels.

Measurements are performed by left clicking on the desired points and for some tools right clicking is needed in order to terminate the process.

Tools - Measurement tools

Angle

This tool measures the tridimensional angle formed by the lines connecting 3 points. To start a measurement, click on the angle icon, then left click on 3 point and the process will be automatically ended. Further information can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Point

This tool highlights a selected point and display its XYZ coordinate. To start a measurement, click on the point icon, then click on the desired point and the process will be automatically ended. Further information can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Distance

This tool measures the tridimensional distance of the lines connecting a series of points. To start a measurement, click on the distance icon and start clicking on the desired points (two or more). Right click to finish measurement. Further information such as Total length can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Height

This tool measures the height or vertical distance between two points. To start a measurement, click on the height icon and then click on the desired two points. The process will be automatically ended. Further information can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Height measurement

Circle

This tool measures the radius of a circle formed by three points. To start a measurement, click on the circle icon and then click on the desired two points. The process will be automatically ended. Further information such as Circumference can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Azimuth

This tool measures the azimuthal angle of a line. This line is formed by two points selected by the user, the angle is measured in degrees, clockwise from 0 to 360 and starting from the geographical north. To start a measurement, click on the azimuth icon and then click on the desired two points. The process will be automatically ended. Further information can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Area

This tool measures the horizontal area formed by a polygon. To start a measurement, click on the area icon and start clicking on the points forming the desired polygon (three or more). Right click to finish measurement. Further information can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Volume (cube)

This tool measures the volume formed by a cube. To start a measurement, click on the volume (cube) icon and click on the model to place the cube. It is possible relocate, redimension and rotate the cube using the displayed handlers. Right click to finish measurement. Further information can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Volume (sphere)

This tool measures the volume formed by a sphere. To start a measurement, click on the volume (sphere) icon and click on the model to place the sphere. It is possible relocate, redimension and rotate the sphere using the displayed handlers. Right click to finish measurement. Further information can also be obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Height profile

This tool creates a height profile formed by a line on the model. To start a measurement, click on the Height profile icon and then form a line on the model by clicking on the desired points (two or more). Right click to finish measurement. Further information and options, such as "Show 2d Profile", can also been obtained from selecting this element under the scene section.

Height profile

Annotation

This tool creates an annotation label on a highlighted point on the model. To start a measurement, click on the annotation icon and then click on the desired point. The process will be automatically ended. To edit the annotation, select this element under the scene section, then edit Title and Description.

Remove measurements

This tool removes all measurements on the model. To remove all measurement, click on the "Remove measurements" icon.

Clipping

Tools - Clipping tools

Point cloud can be clipped by selecting an area. Clipping options include None / Highlight / Inside / Outside

To clip a point cloud, click on the volume clip icon, place the cube on the model and relocate, redimension and rotate to contain the desired area. Highlight is set by default as the clipping method. If display only the points contained within the cube click on "Inside", otherwise click on "Outside".

To remove the clipping volume or polygons click on the "Remove all measurements" icon.

Tools - Clipping

Scene

The Scene section displays a file tree containing all the scene elements. Elements are arranged in six groups, which are Point clouds / Measurements / Annotations / Other / Vector / Images

Each element under these groups can be selected to get further information or to control its properties.

For instance, point clouds properties can be modified to show elevation and also the color ramp cam be customized.

Tools - Navigation controls

Belajar mengedit dan membantu meningkatkan halaman ini!